
Causal Inference / Policy
Causal Impact of Buy Now, Pay Later on Household Financial Outcomes
Estimated BNPL’s causal impact using doubly robust AIPW on the 2022 Survey of Consumer Finances. Compared AIPW, IPW, and Causal Forests for heterogeneous effects—strongest among adults under 35—while handling survey weights and multiple imputation with Rubin’s rules across debt, late-payment, and liquidity outcomes.







